What Happens During a Sleep Study? A Step-by-Step Guide to Diagnosing Sleep Apnea

Discover what to expect during a sleep study and how it helps diagnose sleep apnea. Learn about the process, what the results mean, and why it’s essential for better sleep health.

Introduction

Have you ever wondered why you snore loudly, wake up feeling tired, or struggle to stay awake during the day? A sleep study, also known as a polysomnography, can help diagnose sleep disorders like sleep apnea and give you answers. Let’s explore what a sleep study is, what happens during the test, and how it leads to better sleep health.

What is a Sleep Study?

A sleep study records brain waves, oxygen levels, heart rate, breathing patterns, and movements while you sleep. There are two main types:

In-lab Polysomnography (PSG): Conducted in a sleep center under supervision.

Home Sleep Apnea Test (HSAT): Done at home with portable equipment.

Step-by-Step Process

1.Before the Study

Avoid caffeine and alcohol.

Bring comfortable sleepwear.

Medications may be discussed with your doctor.

2. Arrival and Setup

Sensors placed on your scalp, face, chest, and legs.

Pulse oximeter on your finger for oxygen levels.

Comfortable environment that resembles a hotel room.

3. During the Night

Sleep while the equipment records your data.

A technician monitors remotely for any issues.

How Results Are Interpreted

Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI): Measures sleep apnea severity.

Oxygen Desaturation: Shows how much oxygen drops during apneas.

Sleep Stages: Determines quality of sleep (REM, NREM).

What Happens After the Study?

Results discussed with your doctor within a few days.

Treatment options (CPAP therapy, lifestyle changes, or surgery) recommended based on the findings.

Conclusion

A sleep study is a simple yet powerful tool to diagnose sleep disorders and guide effective treatment. Don’t ignore your sleep problems—getting tested can significantly improve your quality of life.

By:

Dr. Jaykumar Mehta

MBBS (Gold Medallist)

MD; DNB; MNAMS

PD Fellow (Pulmonology)(CMC,Vellore)

Sr. Consultant Interventional Pulmonologist